Enam's Note

Depiction of Indian life in RK Narayan’s “The Guide”. “ The Guide ” (1958), a classic novel in Anglo- Indian literature, by Rasipuram Krishnaswamy Narayan (1906-2001), tells the story of the transformation of a petty guide from a railway guide to a tourist guide to a dancer’s guide, to the prisoner’s guide and finally to a spiritual guide at various stage of his life. The novel exposes the artistic expression of Narayan’s view to Indian life through depicting Indian culture religious beliefs, superstitions and philosophy.     Click Here to Download a Printable version of the full Note  or Click top right corner of the preview of the document.

Nissim Ezekiel (1924-2004) is among the very few Indo-Anglian poets who are Indian by both ideologically and linguistically. He tries to look at the typical Indian situation with an Indian attitude, with a novel and dynamic Indian insight. He cleverly manipulated Indian English to bring out the genuine Indian temperament that can be considered as the true Indianness.  Before entering into our discussion what the term Indianness means.  Prof. V.K. Gokak  defines Indianness as:   “A composite awareness in the matter of race, Milieu, language and religion” Considering this quote if we examine Ezekiel’s poetry he is a true Indian Poet by all means.  Click Here to Download a Printable version of the full Note or Click top right corner of the preview of the document.

The Duchess of Malfi, the protagonist of the trargedy “ The Duchess of Malfi ” by John Webster, is completely an exceptional character from the typical Jacobean one. The author paints the character with the colour of sensuality, passion, strength, wit, and independence. Now we are going to discuss her character.   The Duchess of Malfi is the sister of Cardinal and the twin sister of Ferdinand . She is never referred to by name throughout the play. At the very beginning of the play, we see she is a widow, but “ still in the bloom of youth” . Actually “ The Duchess of Malfi ” is a tragedy on a real duchess “ Giovanna ”, a girl of twelve, married to Alfonso , duke of Amalfi, in 1490. She became widow at the age of twenty in 1498. Later, defying the order of her older brothers she fell in love with a man beneath her class, secretly married and gave birth to three children.  But when her marriage was discovered she along with her husband and children was mercilessly killed. The

‘ The Spanish Tragedy’ or ‘ Hieronimo is Mad Again’, a popular Elizabethan revenge tragedy by Tomas Kid is highly is highly influenced by Seneca , a Roman dramatist. It is actually a play on a father who avenges the murder of his son. Now we are going to find out the Senecan elements in the play. Before entering into our discussion we are to know something about Seneca and the main features of his play. Lucius Annaneus Seneca , a Roman philosopher and playwright who sets all the ideas and the norms of the revenge play writers in Renaissance era. Senecan tragedy is a form of tragedy modelled on the drama of Seneca. Generally, the subject of a Senecan tragedy is the murder and the quest for vengeance ( প্রতিহিংসা ). It usually includes a ghost, insanity, suicide, a play within a play sensational incidents and finally a gruesomely ( ভয়াবহ ) bloody ending. Christopher Marlowe’s “ The Jew of Malta ”, Shakespeare’s “ Hamlet ”, John Webster’s “ The Duchess of Malfi ” and “ The White De

Doctor Faustus, a man with uncommon potentialities who sells his soul to the devil in exchange of power and knowledge, is unarguably a medieval tragic hero of Marlow’s dramatic masterpiece ‘ The Tragical History of the Life and Death of Doctor Faustus ’ popularly known as ‘ Doctor Faustus’ . The play starts, like classic tragedy, with the protagonist at the zenith of his achievement and ends with his fall into misery, death and damnation. Now we are going to evaluate him as a tragic hero. Click Here to Download a Printable version of the full Note or Click top right corner of the preview of the document.

Evaluate Christopher Marlowe's  Doctor Faustus as a Morality Play? What is definition and characteristics of morality play? “ The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus ” is a play by Christopher Marlowe based on the “ Faust story ”, in which a man sells his soul to the devil in exchange of power and knowledge. The play starts, like classic tragedy, with the protagonist at the zenith of his achievement and ends with his fall into misery, death and damnation from which we get a solemn moral. Now we are going discuss the play as a morality play. To discuss Doctor Faustus as a morality play, we are to, at first, know what the morality play is. Actually it an allegorical drama in which the characters personify moral qualities (such as charity or vice) or abstraction (such as death and youth) and in which moral lessons are taught. Morality plays are essentially dramatized Sermons ( ধর্মোপদেশ ) , usually based on a subject of repentance; typically, an Everyman figure will be

  How does the poet Matthew Arnold react to the Victorian unrest in his poems?   How does “Dover Beach” depict tragedy of modern life? Describe the elegiac tone in Arnold’s poem. How does Arnold use imagery in his poems?   Discuss the use of nature Arnold’s poem. Matthew Arnold, one of the major Victorian poets, expresses his despair, hopelessness, frustration, to the decline of religious faith in his poem with images taken from nature. He, in his poems, depicts the Victorian unrest and the tragedy of modern life with an elegiac tone.   Click Here to Download a Printable version of the Note or Click top right corner of the preview of the document.

Robert Browning, (1812-1899), one of the major Victorian poets, is an optimist and as an optimist he places himself above almost all writers of his era. We, in his poems, find his optimistic attitude towards love which make him optimist in every aspects of life. Browning, as an optimist, tends to believe in essential goodness of man and the salvation of man through the hard struggles. Now we will look into his optimistic views scattered in his poems especially in his dramatic monologue. Browning’s optimistic attitude towards love is clearly disclosed in the poem “ The Last Ride Together ”, one of his greatest love poems. In the poem the rejected lover is manly, brave and optimistic like a typical Browning’s character. He consoles himself for his failure to gain his beloved’s love with great optimism. The lover does not consider his failure as defeat rather it is “ written and needs must be ”. He even blesses his beloved   “ in pride and thankfulness ”. He now appeals a last ride to

“The dialects ” and “ the standard ” are the varieties of language. The development of different varieties in language is the result of the constant change of language. The language changes as long as it exists giving birth of different varieties. Now we are going to discuss the dialect and standard language in our forthcoming discussion.     The definition of Dialects The definition of  the standard language  The Characteristics of Dialects The  Characteristics  of  the standard language Difference  between    Dialects and  the standard language  Click Here to Download Printable version of the Note or Click top right corner of the preview of the document.

Language is one of the most obvious ways in which human being differ from other animals. Human beings use language to communicate with one another, to express/ reveal their imaginative expression as well as emotional release. It is the most comprehensive means of communication in the human society. Now we will firstly try to know the definition of language; then the characteristics of it. Definition of Language:  Characteristics of Language:  Language is primarily vocal   as, in the beginning, it appears as vocal sounds only. Human language differs from animal   communication Human language is more structurally complex   than animal communication.   Language is a form of social behaviour   as its learning is only possible in the society Language is a symbol system   where words stands for the objects. Click Here to Download Printable version of the Note or Click top right corner of the preview of the document.

What is syllabus? Differentiate syllabus from curriculum. Describe the types, purpose, and construction of syllabus. Syllabus, a widely discussed issue in the domain of English Language Teaching, plays a very significant role for both the learners and the instructors. It guides the teachers what to teach and informs the learners what to be learnt. So its types, purpose and design are very important.  Now we are going to discuss …   Definition of syllabus Difference between syllabus and curriculum The types of syllabus 1.  The grammar syllabus/structural syllabus 2. Lexical syllabus 3. The notional-functional syllabus 4. The situational syllabus 5. The topic-based syllabus 6 . The task-based syllabus/ procedural syllabus 7. The multi-syllabus syllabus/ integrated syllabus /multi-skilled syllabus Purpose of syllabus Construction of syllabus Construction of syllabus Construction of syllabus 1. Learn-ability 2. Frequency 3. Coverage 4. Usefulness Click Here to Download a Printa

What is test? How many types of test are there? Discuss the qualities of a good test. Discuss the difference between test and assessment. Test is an inevitable element of learning process and plays a significant role especially in language learning.  It is a reliable way by which a teacher can evaluate his or her students' knowledge of something which he/she has taught them. The students also get a chance to prove their skill or competence of what they have learnt. So it is significant for both the learner and the teacher. Definition of test: Types of Test:     1. Placement tests:     2. Diagnostic Tests:     3. Progress or achievement tests:      4. Proficiency Tests: Types of test item:    1. Direct test item :     2. Indirect test items Discrete-point testing and integrative testing: Characteristics of Good Tests: Click Here to Download Printable version of the Note or Click top right corner of the preview of the document.